The Death Of Death And Death Essay - 991 Words

Art is thematic. Through the ages artists have explored ideas in art from different perspectives. The theme of death is recurrent in all cultures and throughout history. Religious death, death in battle, death as punishment, death juxtaposed with life, death, more death, even more death! Death is omnipresent in art. When one enters a museum, such as the National Gallery of Canada, different representations of death can be found if one looks closely. There is five forms of Jesus’ death: crucifixion, pieta, descent from the cross, lamentation and entombment. Most art involving Jesus on the crucifix have a peacefulness to them. Jesus somehow always looks serene but in pain. One can see that he is hurting from the horrific way he is forced to die, but there is a calmness to his sufferance. There is a romanticization to the death of Jesus on the cross. In The Crucifixion by Quinten Massys, Jesus is dead on the cross. Beneath him are his mother Mary, John, and Mary Magdalene. They a re mourning him. Mary cannot look at the body of her son, John is looking up, praying, and Mary Magdalene is embracing the cross. Their grief is expressed through their physical action. Mary is suffering as a mother who lost her child, John is suffering as one who lost a dear friend, and Mary Magdalene is suffering as a woman who lost a lover. In it’s entirety, this piece of art shows grief of death from different perspectives. The Jesus on the cross is not physically strong. He is tiny. He appears toShow MoreRelatedDeath : Death And Death844 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States over two million people die a year (Death). With death comes the questions countless people wonder about. What is Death? Why did they die? Why couldn’t it have been someone else? When a loved one is lost, these questions could be circling through their heads. Death is when someone’s time on Earth has come to a close, there are numerous causes of death and people often wonder why it has to happen. Death is a part of life that everybody has to deal with. There is no way aroundRead MoreThe Death Of Death And Death1300 Words   |  6 PagesOn the topic of death, a question had been made on whether immortality is preferable to dying. In Plato’s Phaedo, Socrates’ death scene, Socrates has one last philosophical conversation with his friends about what happens to the soul when it leaves the body after death. Socrates believes that the soul is immortal, meaning that it will live on even when the body does not. The themes in Phaedo are similar to those in Leo Tolstoy’s â€Å"The Death of Ivan Ilych,† which tells the story of a man named IvanRead MoreDeath Of Death And Death1270 Words   |  6 Pagesthought to the subject of death. To be more accurate: throughout my entire life I have never allowed myself to give much thought to the subject of death. Both of my parents are very easy going, optimistic individuals so death was not a subject that was ever really touched on. The only times that I really remember discussing it was in church (and I rarely ever paid attention to this). Despite this lack of contemplation, I have always known that I am very anxious about death, so when I filled out theRead MoreDeath And Death Of Death1456 Words   |  6 PagesDeath is defined as the permanent end of something that is not alive; a cease to existence; the absence of life. It is human to fear death. It is human to fear the unknown. It is human to fear. Our society has engrained in our heads that death is something to mourn. That it is the end to all good things. That death is unjust. We visualize death as a thing that is filled with darkness, colored in black, and cold in its non-existing soul. I first pictured that when I walked into room 2218 atRead MoreThe Death Of Death And Death1804 Words   |  8 PagesBoth Socrates and Lucretius have similar outlooks on death, but the reasoning as to why they believe death shoul d not be feared are completely different. Socrates states that death is not dreadful because we do not know what is ahead of us and through this concept arises a term called reincarnation. Lucretius, on the other hand, says that the soul does not go anywhere when we die and that everything is materialistic. He goes on to say that death does nothing to us because we once started with nothingRead MoreThe Death Of Death And Death1515 Words   |  7 Pages Everyone is familiar with the theme of death. â€Å"According to experience, death is the stopping of a behavior, the stopping of expressive movements and of physiological movements and processes†¦It is a departure, a decease, a negativity to the unknown†¦a departure without a return†(Levinas). Regardless of belief, death is the one equalizer common to man. There are countless stories attempting to illustrate or explain both the feeling and the nature of death given many various outcomes, fortunate orRead MoreThe De ath Of Death And Death2332 Words   |  10 PagesDeath affects people in a variety of ways, often differing throughout cohorts and cultures. Death does not affect everyone in the same way, and often life experiences have a key role in shaping how we view death. Most of these interviewees were from rural Iowa, and could show a contrast from the single interviewee from Tennessee. For this paper, I intend to showcase how several individuals can view death in a variety of ways, and how they can each face their own unique set of problems and resourcesRead MoreDeath And Death - Death3030 Words   |  13 PagesDeath Death to humans is when are can t return to earth when you die and you stop living here on earth. As you die nothing happens to you. People here on earth have a lot of denial about death and don t accept the fact that one day they will die and they will not live forever. They way that the body dies is you stop breathing and the body starts to go cold and you can t feel a pulse in the body. Not long after that your body will start to shut down, your organs stop working and everything inRead MoreThe Death Of Death1218 Words   |  5 Pagesor in other words, 55.3 million people die per year. Death is never a comfortable conversation to have with others but death is common especially among the elderly population. Atul Gawande in Being Mortal talks about how death takes many people by surprise and the descriptions of aging and dying. All the while living better through the understanding of death. The author is trying to express that even those in the medical field struggle with death and not ensuring the well-being of the patients thatRead MoreDeath And Dying, Death, And Death745 Words   |  3 Pagesimpossible to be sure of any thing but Death and Taxes.†(Shapiro, 2008) Prior to Elisabeth Kà ¼bler-Ross’ bestseller novel On Death and Dying, death was to be done alone. Death was a taboo subject for society. Death is the end result of many different factors effecting the body in a way it (the body) can’t handle it any longer. Speaking in a medical light, there are two types of death, clinical and biological. â€Å"When a patient’s breathing and heartbeat stop, clinical death occurs. This condition may be reversible

Home Love and Ford Essay - 1210 Words

Mitchell Wix Wix 1 English 122 Glen Silva Sec. 2738 Essay #2: Compare and Contrast Each person has different ideas on where and what home is. Some may say home is where the heart is, others may think home is where one has a solid foundation of memories. In the essay I Must Be Going by Richard Ford, he explains how moving is one of Americans anxieties, yet does is so often; Ford feels home is wherever he makes it. In the essay Homeplace by Scott Russell Sanders, he gives the idea that settling down and making part of this earth a part of you and working hard will lead to a feeling of at-homeness. The two essays are different in believing where home is, yet home in both essays contain certain love that gives us the†¦show more content†¦Their land is loved as well as the ones they share it with. Sanders home is considered to be a house, marriage, neighborhood, community; and the number one feeling of home for the Sanders is love. Love gave Ford and Sanders a common ground among their many differences such as how Ford is always on the move and Sanders is not. The idea of moving around to most people must be imagined because they have not done it more than maybe two times in their whole life and if they have it was most likely in the same city. Ford gives two reasons why he must always be moving in order to keep from ‘longing too long. First, he is trying to find a place that is better than the one that he has been before. Even if he finds a new and interesting place, he would live there for a while and decide to move again due to the more magical, exotic place and thats what you needed to see (110). The second reason Ford gives is his father who was a traveling salesman. Ford says that, Â…every Monday morning I would hear him whistling as he got ready to leave againÂ… (110). Listening to his father always being on the move for business gave him a reason to live his life on the move. His reasons gave Wix 3 him the excuse that whether or notShow MoreRelatedI Must Be Going By Richard Ford1450 Words   |  6 PagesScott Russell San ders and â€Å"I Must Be Going† by Richard Ford, the authors discuss their very different viewpoints on whether people should move around or stay put in one home. In â€Å"Homeplace,† Sanders argues against moving with a didactic and self-righteous tone that aims to put his philosophy of staying put above any other. However, in â€Å"I Must Be Going,† Ford approaches the topic differently, explaining his own reasons for moving from home to home. Although he is defensive in reaction to others criticizingRead More Comparing Home in Richard Fords I Must Be Going and Scott Sanders Homeplace883 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Home in Richard Fords I Must Be Going and Scott Sanders Homeplace Most people define home as a comfortable setting which provides love and warmth. In Scott Sanders â€Å"Homeplace† and Richard Ford’s â€Å"I Must Be Going† the concept of home is defined in two different ways. Sanders believes that by moving from place to place, the meaning of home has been diminished. Sanders believes that America’s culture â€Å"nudges everyone into motion† (Sanders 103) and that his â€Å"longing to become an inhabitantRead MoreAnalysis Of HomeplaceAndI Must Be Going1456 Words   |  6 PagesScott Russell Sanders and â€Å"I Must Be Going† by Richard Ford, the authors discuss their very different viewpoints on whether people should move around or stay put in one home. In â€Å"Homeplace,† Sanders argues against moving with a didactic and self-righteous tone that aims to put his philosophy of staying put above any other. However, in â€Å"I Must Be Going,† Ford approaches the topic differently, explainin g his own reasons for moving from home to home. Although he is defensive in reaction to others criticizingRead MorePerks of My Ford and My Lincoln Touch Essay671 Words   |  3 PagesPerks of My Ford and My Lincoln Touch Are you against my ford touch and my Lincoln touch? But if you have not heard of this cool feature in ford vehicles you need to check it out. It has a lots of perks no big bulky nobs just a simple seamless touchscreen. Plus you can use your own voice and give sync a command and it will do it for you without you having to touch a thing. It’s very simple the home screen is split into four different quadrants consisting of navigation, climate, entertainment andRead More Henry Ford Essay example624 Words   |  3 Pages Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863 in Wayne county, Michigan. He was the son of Irish immigrants, William and Mary Ford, who had settled on a farm in Dearborn. In addition to helping his father with the harvest, Ford also attended school in a one-room schoolhouse. However, Ford disliked both school and farm life, and at age 16, he walked to Detroit in search of employment. Ford was employed as an apprentice in a machine shop, where he learned about the internal combustion engine. After severalRead MoreInfluential Entrepreneurs That Helped Shape The World Of Today1196 Words   |  5 Pagesworld of today. I say, one that stands out is Henry Ford. He was one of the few men to make mainstream automobiles a reality. The automobile industry has surely come a long way since it once started. Nowadays, seems like people cannot travel without transportation. Thanks to the innovation of automobiles and Henry Ford, we have advanced in the world. When we look outside, we see the many types of cars driven, and one car company that started it all, Ford. Of course being named after one of the most famousRead MoreSolomon Northups Relationship with His Slave Master Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesSolomon Northup is a free man who is deceived into a situation that brings about his capture and ultimate misfortune to become a slave in the south. Solomon is a husband and father. Northup writes: From the time of my marriage to this day the love I have borne my wife has been sincere and unabated; and only those who have felt the glowing tenderness a father cherishes for his offspring, can appreciate my affection for the beloved children which have since been born to us (22). We see fromRead MoreThe Searchers Narrative Structure Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesPawley The narrative structure of John Ford’s The Searchers is centered primarily around the actions and knowledge of men. Throughout the movie, men are the figures of action, they are out scouring the land for lost loved ones while the women stay home and wait with hope. In The Searchers, just as with any search, the limiting factor involved is knowledge. Ethan, the main character, begins the movie as the leader of the searchers. His assumed role as leader is due to his past excursions as a TexasRead MoreNative Americans and Their Intrinsic Relationship with Western Films950 Words   |  4 PagesDances With Wolves, directed by Kevin Costner, and The Searchers, directed by John Ford, looks into the fabric of this countrys past. The media has created a false image of the relationship between Native Americans and White men to suppress the cruel and unfortunate reality. Both directors wanted to contradict these stereotypes, but due to the time period the films were created, only one fi lm was successful. Unlike The Searchers, Dancing With Wolves presents a truly realistic representation of NativeRead MoreEssay on Henry Ford1366 Words   |  6 Pagessomething special. Once a far fetched dream is now what many people believe to be the back bone of the American economy. When people think about the automobile the name that comes to mind is most usually Henry Ford. Although he is not credited with the invention of the automobile, Henry Ford played a crucial role in the development of mass production. The automobile was first invented Europe in 1771 with a top speed of 2.3 miles per hour. A man by the name of Gottliech Daimler produced what was known

Interactive Wireless Solutions for Next Generation Education System

Question: Discuss about the Interactive Wireless Solutions for Next Generation Education System. Answer: Background and Overview Educating people is the greatest way to human progress. All over the world, educators have only one goal, and that is to provide high quality academics so that students can achieve greater academic excellences and can move towards a better future (Agrawal Zeng, 2015). However, involvements of new technologies in the education system have become a unique and useful way to educate the students. Use of wireless solutions such as tablets, laptops, mobile technologies and many others can enhance the learning environment of the classroom in a modern and advanced way. Through this research proposal, the researcher will try to focus on the incorporation of wireless solutions in the classroom, so that the students can embrace these technologies in their daily learning activities. Research Objectives By considering the aspect, the researcher makes the following objectives To identify the benefits of using wireless solutions for next generation education system To identify the challenges by incorporating wireless solutions in the next generation education system To recommend the ways wireless technology can be adapted Conceptual Foundation of the Topic According to Wu et al., (2013), the classroom environment should be restructured from whiteboard or chalk to digital projectors, electronic whiteboards, and document camera. In addition to this, uses of wireless laptops are also useful, so that students can get access to the worldwide information. Using these technologies learning becomes more sophisticated and interesting. Ally and Prieto-Blazquez (2014) opined that Use of tablets enables the teachers as well as the students to share the necessary study materials from anywhere at any time. Incorporation of these new advanced technologies not only helps the teachers to manage the classrooms effectively but also enhance students learning in a modern and unique way. By the use of these technologies, teachers can display their contents on students' devices. This screen sharing the feature of provides actual contents of the study materials, so that students can learn in a better way. Online applications provide a collaborative learning p latform to share innovative ideas and to encourage feedback from the parents and teachers (Grnewald et al., 2013). This not only helps the students to learn better but also helps the teachers to assess each students performance in an adaptive and personalized way. Figure 1: Conceptual Framework (Source: Created by Author) However, Agrawal and Zeng (2015) acknowledged that new technologies always come with greater challenges that must be considered to make positive impacts on the educational system. Too much engagement in the technologies can distract the students, and it creates negative impacts on their academic performance. Personal interactions between teachers and students and problem solving capabilities of the students can be disrupted with the unlimited assistance of wireless technology. Ally and Prieto-Blazquez (2014) highlighted a major fact that, implementation and maintenance of these new devices require skilled personnel which can increase the operational cost of educational institutes. Scope of the Research The scope of this research is to analyze the existing learning framework of educational institutes and how it can be restructured through new wireless tools and technologies. References Agrawal, D. P., Zeng, Q. A. (2015). Introduction to wireless and mobile systems. Cengage Learning. Ally, M. Prieto-Blzquez, J., (2014). What is the future of mobile learning in education?. Revista de Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento, 11(1), pp.142-151. Grnewald, F., Yang, H., Mazandarani, E., Bauer, M. Meinel, C., (2013). Next generation tele-teaching: Latest recording technology, user engagement and automatic metadata retrieval. In Human Factors in Computing and Informatics (pp. 391-408). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wu, H.K., Lee, S.W.Y., Chang, H.Y. Liang, J.C., (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers Education, 62, pp.41-49.

The impact of Education on the Social Economics Status of Teenage Mothers

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Education and Job Requirements Responsibilities and Motherhood Probable solutions Conclusion Reference List Abstract The socio-economic status of teenage mothers dropping out of high school because of teenage pregnancy has been low and dismal, compared to their counter parts that persevere and go on to finish high school education, acquiring certificates. Various factors have been associated with the reasons why teenage pregnancy negatively affects the lives of individuals prompting them to drop out of institution of learning.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The impact of Education on the Social Economics Status of Teenage Mothers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The teenage mothers who drop out of school are perceived to experience hard economic times because lack of academic qualification results to limited job opportunities. Teenage mothers are not ready to face life and therefore they need special care of which completing education is very essential in laying a firm foundation for their future. Lack of special care and consideration, affects them psychologically and financially, which in turn affect their children consequently affecting the country for generations to come becoming a cyclic perennial problem. Teenage mothers who drop out of school may not make it in life compared to those teenage mothers who continue schooling acquiring a certificate. Lack of proper education negatively affects the socio-economic status of teenage mothers Introduction Teenage motherhood has been an extensively and intensively discussed topic as it has direct effects on the society, having persisted for ages. Many teenagers become pregnant in high school of which about sixty percent do not finish school, many do not finish their schooling mainly due to the financial constraints and peer pressure. Teenage pregnancy and high school dropout by girls is hig hly linked. The pregnancy of teenagers in the modern world has been mainly linked to lack of focus. This is because teenagers with high life aspirations with clearly stated goals tend to shun activities that might jeopardize their career dreams while those teenagers with fewer career aspirations and have only completed few years of school tend to get involved in rather risky choices that eventually create a cycle of adolescent pregnancy. Focus is dependant on other factors like poverty and counsel. Teenage pregnancy, that is from the age of thirteen to nineteen leads to reduced educational accomplishments (Rumberger, 1994). Education and Job Requirements Since only about forty percent of teenage mothers complete school only a single digit of these are able to graduate from the various colleges. The teenage mothers who drop out of high school do not acquire good certificates, which make it difficult for them to acquire promising jobs that can economically sustain them (Gillham, 1997) . The children born of high school dropout live in poverty compared to the teenage mothers who finish high school. The US Department of Education has reported that in the past, high school dropout due to teen pregnancy amounted to more than fifteen percentage of the total school dropout of over a million teenagers. In recent times dropout because of pregnancy has reduced significant to about four percent.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The significant reduction of teenage mothers’ dropout is being attributed to the major reforms the public schools have taken. The reforms have been institutionalized to accommodate teenage mothers catering to their various needs. Teenage drop out due to pregnancies has been mainly attributed to peer pressure and financial constraints, to cater to these problems, some states have set up schools specifically for pregnant teens and the tee n mothers. This enables these teenagers to complete school in an environment away from ridicule by peers and an environment that caters to their various needs and wants (Musick, 1995). In the modern world job acquisition has become an up hill task due to the country having been hard hit by the aftermath of recession. The rate of unemployment in the country is very high thus the job market has become very competitive and people are hired on merit (Rumberger, 1991). High credentials and high level of education has become a requirement from many employers even on securing a job that is regarded as less formal. Teenage mothers who have no academic certificates that is to say they have low level of education, have found it hard to secure a stable job that can guarantee them and their children a stable source of income. Mothers who have at least graduated from high school have a high chance of securing a job thus uplifting their socio-economic status. In the job market, it does not matter whether you are a mother or not, what matters is the level of qualification, which influences heavily on your output level. Most school dropouts, these have been estimated to be about 1.2 million, are generally faced with tough economic hardships teenage mothers included. This group of high school dropouts account for almost half of the drug abusers due to depression (Harding, 2003). Responsibilities and Motherhood Teenage mothers who have dropped out of high school are still dependants; they are not ready or seasoned enough to face life. Having been used to school life where their parents provide everything, dropping out abruptly due to pregnancy, psychologically traumatizes the young teens. (Remedy Health Media, 2011) They are also supposed to start being responsible taking care of young ones yet they themselves are regarded as minors by the law.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The impact of Education on the Social Economics Status of Teenage Mothe rs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The harsh reality results in psychic breakdown and mental disorders. Stress is also common among this group of teens, with many turning to drugs while others to prostitution to try meet the various economically demanding roles once a teenage mother drops out, her life path becomes altered. Unless she goes back to school, which becomes harder with advancement with age, she might never be able to acquire a university degree. Without a university degree in the modern 21st century, it becomes a sort of a nightmare. The social class in the modern world is dictated by the level of education, amount of money one has, or the level of influence that an individual has on the society. Economics is directly related to the social class (Gregson, 2009). These mothers are only capable of securing manual work or odd jobs that demand working for long hours if one has to make any substantial income that can sustain t he family’s needs and pay rent that is soaring each day. The baby back at home has no sufficient time to spend with the mother and thus does not get the required parental care (Biddle, Gorely, Marshall, Murdey Cameron, 2008). Probable solutions The issue of teenage motherhood should be addressed with urgency because it has been one of the pertinent issues that have continued to drag the society into poverty status. The children born in poverty are likely to remain poor even in their adulthood. Survey has shown that women who came from poor families or were brought up in poverty were more likely to become teenage mothers than those who had not encountered poverty or had no history of poverty. It has also been proven that childhood experience of poverty was very closely related with the risk of poverty as an adult. Social economic independence of teenage mothers should thus be fostered with teenage motherhood being discouraged as much as possible. Survey has also shown that te enage mothers have been faced with many challenges and disadvantages than other women. These disadvantages have been attributed to the age at which a woman had her first child rather than parenting itself (Arai, 2009). Women who get children when they have finished their education have a sufficient source of income, while teenage mothers especially school dropouts continue to struggle in life of which, this is likely to be the same case for their children.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In understanding how to counter teenage motherhood several methods have been proposed. Parents and the elderly members of the society should learn to listen to teenagers without passing judgment. Teenagers require safe places to talk freely about the various issues affecting them without being scolded or looked down upon. Teenagers who have trusted individuals they can identify, especially on the school compound, are less likely to engage in risky sexual activities, and if they do, they are more likely to use contraceptives. On the other hand, pregnant or parenting teens should be encouraged to stay in school; especially in the particular school, they were enrolled. This boosts their academic performance at the same time contributing to the health of the baby, as there are reduced stress levels. For example, the state laws in Georgia clearly outline the rights of teenage mother to continue schooling at the school of enrollment. The school curriculum should also be encourage to incor porate courses on sexuality, as those teenagers who learn about health education are less likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors ( Zastrow Kirst –Ashman, 2007). The school and public health relation should also be promoted, so that there are many school-based and linked health care services provided to teenagers. The various schools and the business community should also join efforts in creating real opportunities for teenagers to have experiences at the job markets through such programs as internship. Teenagers would thus become more serious in pursuing their career aspirations, shunning risky sexual behaviors. Conclusion Lack of enough parental care and parental guidance is one of the major factors for the teenagers to lose focus. The young mothers, who have dropped out of high school unlike those who graduate, bring up children who lack the essential facilities to develop their respective talents, consequently under developing the society as such individuals do not re alize their full potential. If such individuals had been accorded the appropriate facilities, they would have probably become more productive and pivotal in advancement of the society and national building. African Americans population has been the hardest hit by teenage mothers dropping out. This affects some young African American teenagers, as they are unable to acquire work. Being an age-old problem of teenage mother dropping out of school, most African Americans in modern America are involved in crimes and drugs compared to the white population (Rumberger, 1991). Teenage motherhood is challenging and the young girls need a lot of support. Without education, improving their living standard becomes very difficult. Reference List Arai, L. (2009).Teenage pregnancy: the making and unmaking of a problem. Portland: The Policy Press Biddle, S,. Gorely, T,. Marshall, S,. Murdey, I,. and Cameron, N. (2008). Physical activity and sedentary behaviors in youth: issues and controversies. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 175-180 Harding, J. (2003) Counterfactual models of neighborhood effects. The American Journal of Sociology volume 109, No.3: 677-719. Gillham, B. (1997). The facts about teenage pregnancies. Herndon: Cassell Press. Gregson, J. (2009). The Culture of teenage mothers. Albany: State University of New York Press Musick, J. (1995) Young, poor, and pregnant: the psychology of teenage motherhood. Yale: Yale University Press. Rumberger, R. (1995). Dropping Out of Middle School: A Multilevel Analysis of Students and Schools.American Educational Research Journal volume: 32: 583-625 Rumberger, R. (1994). Navigating the psychosocial pressures of adolescence: the voices and experiences of high school youth. American Educational Research Journal. Volume. 31: 415-447 Rumberger, R. (1991). A third of our youth? A look at the problem of high school dropout among students with mild handicaps. Journal of Special Education. 102-113 Zastrow, C. and Kirst -Ashman, K. (2007). Understanding human behavior and the social environment. Belmont: Cengage Learning This research paper on The impact of Education on the Social Economics Status of Teenage Mothers was written and submitted by user Nina I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

New York Growth Essays - East Coast Of The United States

New York Growth For a number of reasons, business enterprise in New York grew by leaps and bounds between 1825 and 1860. New York's growth between the years 1825 and 1860 can be attributed to a number of factors. These include but cannot be limited to the construction of the Erie Canal, the invention of the telegraph, the developed of the railroads, the establishment of Wall Street and banking, the textile, shipping, agriculture and newpaper industries, the development of steam power and the use of iron products. On October 26, 1825 the Erie Canal was opened. The canal immediately became an important commercial route connecting the East with the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys. With tht time of travel cut to one-third and the cost of shipping freight cut to one-tenthof the previous figures, commerce via the canal soon made New York City the chief port of the Atlantic. The growing urban population and the contruction of canals, railroads and factories stimulated the demand for raw materials and food stuffs. In 1836 four-fifths of the tonnage over the Erie Canal came from western New York (North, 105). Much of this cargo was in the form of agriculture goods. The farmer become a shrewed businessaman of sorts as he tended to produce whatever products would leave him the greatest profit margin. The rise of the dairy industry was by far the most significant development in the agricultural history of the state between 1825 and 1860. Farmers discovered that cows were their most relliable money-makers, since both the domestic and foreign market kept demanding more dairy products (Ellis, 273). Price flucuations became increasingly important for the farming population between 1825 and 1860. Prices rose from the low level of the early 1820's until the middle 1830's and the farmer's shared in the general prosperity (271). Although the rapid industrialization and urbanization of New York had a great deal to do with the success of agricultural markets sporadic demand from aboard as a result of the Irish famine, the Crimean War and the repeal of the Corn Laws in England also contributed(North, 141). During this period Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia, in that order were the leading wheat growing states. Between the years 1840 and 1850 New York ranked first in the production of beef. The absence of politic party differences on issues related to the the growth of democracy existed in regard to the foremost economic questions, there was absolutely no partisan division evident in the movement to incorporate new financial institutions; rather , the primary factors , which the legislators examined, concerned value, feasibility, profit and the location within the state. Dozens of turnpike proposals, most of which werebacked by the Republicans, passed the legislature; but the Federalists cooperated, seeing the chance for profits. Prominent Federalists like John Rutherfurd, John Neilson, William Paterson, John Bayard, and James Parker invested susstanial sums in the turnpike business. There were numerous Republicans who were also vitally interested in the turnpike business (Kass, 150). Bipartisan support also accompanied plans for the construction of bridges and canals. All of the parties contained a large number of adherents from from every level of economic well-being in society. This helps to expain the absence of any clear-cut party differences on the major economic issues of the such as the chartering of banks, the protestive tariff, internal improvements, the development of manufacturing, and the promotion of superior agricultural techniques. Each politcal faction had segments both pro and con on most of these questions, and, inall cases it was opprtunism, the desire for profits, which was decisive in determining one's political position on these economic issues(175). New York's economic growth can also be attributed to the invention of the cotton gin. Cotton had become a boom crop in the south, however, plantation owners were either too engrossed in the production of their crops or too unschooled in business techiniques to handle its distribution. Some just did not want to be bothered. This opened thee door for agents representing New York shipping firms who were only too happy to help them out - for a fee. This scheme not only earned the New York merchants a handsome profit but also solved the problem that without cotton the ship owner would be hards preesed to find adequate cargoes for their return voyages. And so it came about that New York in the nineteeth century became the nation's foremost shipper of cotton(Allen, 108-109). The cotton shipments entering New York harbor were brought to textile mills for processing. A group of New york capitalist estashlished the Harmony

Sexual Violence against Women Essay Example

Sexual Violence against Women Essay Example Sexual Violence against Women Essay Sexual Violence against Women Essay Nowadays, sexual abuses on women are very rampant in this generation. This kind of dilemma is always heard and watches on the daily news, may it be on television or in the newspaper. Women are prone and vulnerable to this kind of abuses because the way I see it, our society labels the women as inferior species compared to men; thus, there is gender biases between man and woman. In the real sense, women have same right as men have. Sexual abuses on women may happen inside marriage or outside marriage. There is a tendency that husbands think that since they are already lawfully wed by their wives, they have the full authority to use their wives whenever they like and that’s how sexual abuses creep in because the acts made by the husbands are not consented and against the will of their wives. Another scenario is when women are being raped and sexually harassed by gangs and other sort of elements in our society. Due to sexual abuses on women has increased; various groups have been established in order to fight against this kind of violence on women. Are there any ways we can prevent such dreadful violence? What does our government have done in order to stop this kind of violence? What should women do to avoid sexual violence? Are there still solutions for this dilemma? These are the inquiries that come across in my mind.Moreover, sexual abuses against women issues also point out the various forms of sexual abuses on women such as sexual assault, domestic abuses, abortions, race and sexuality and equality between men and women (gender biases). These abuses are experienced most of the women globally, it may be in different forms of sexual abuses.The intentions of this paper is to: (1) understand what does sexual violence really means; (2) bring out the real issues on sexual violence against women and; (3) figure out the solutions on sexual abuses on women.II. BackgroundA. What is sexual abuse?Everyone may have the tendency to be a prey of sexual assault. It ma y happen anywhere in the world. If an individual is a victim of sexual abuse, a medical assistance is required in order affirm that the individual is being abused or not. Doing such act is an indication that the complainant cries out for help and may report it to the authority. When we say sexual abuse, it denotes to a physical contact without the permission or against the will of the other individual. Sexual abuse is linked with rape and may diverge in accordance to political, communal and legal classification and description.III. DiscussionA. Issues on sexual violence against womenAs time passes by, sexual abuses on women are rapidly increasing through out the globe. In a study conducted by Jeanne Ward and Mendy Marsh, they were able to investigate and found out that in Bosnia-Herzegovina, there were about 40,000 raped cases that were recorded and verified in the Zenica Ventre for the Registration of War and Genocide Crime in 1993 (see Ward, Jeanne and Marsh, Mendy. â€Å"Sexual Violence against Women and Girls in War and Its Aftermath: Realities, Responses, and Required Resources†. June 21-23, 2006).   The study also added that in 1999, there were about 39 percent of the women being reported who had undergone sexually abused in the 1994 genocide and about 72 percent had stated that they have known individuals who suffered from sexual abuses. In 1998, during the time where a rebel offensive had occurred in the capital city of Brazzaville in the Republic of Congo, there were about 2,000 women who were treated because of sexual assaults and the 10 percent of that number were reportedly got pregnant. The United Nations bureaucrats promulgated that the exact number of women being sexually abused in Brazzaville were almost 5000. In other report, researchers had found out that there were about 50,000 to 64,000 women who have been sexually abused throughout armed conflict in Sierra Leone (see Ward, Jeanne and Marsh, Mendy. â€Å"Sexual Violence against Wo men and Girls in War and Its Aftermath: Realities, Responses, and Required Resources†. June 21-23, 2006). The study was able to give out the real incidents happened during the crisis or conflicts of every country that was mentioned earlier. It presented how the women were being treated during conflicts. This would only shows that sexual abuses on women are growingly rapidly and happened in different parts of the world. However, the study failed to mention what were the responses of its government upon knowing the reports.The World Health Organization website published its concern regarding the violence against women. The organization has stated that women can undergo abuses from other individuals all throughout their lives if not prevented and without the immediate support from various sectors. During February 1996, the international professionals were summoned and organized by World Health Organization to come into an agreement that the description that was implemented by the United Nations General Assembly gave a practical and helpful structure for the activities of the organization (see World Health Organization. â€Å"Violence against Women†. June 2000).   This article reported that every country’s result regarding the sexual abuses has recorded 10 percent up to 50 percent of women being sexually abused by their lifetime partners. It also stated that in a population-based study, there were about 12 percent to 25 percent of women who suffered forced sex by their partners or former partners. The rate of prostitution and sex tourism has grown in number (see World Health Organization. â€Å"Violence against Women†. June 2000). Moreover, the study showed that most of the sexual violators are men and women are very vulnerable to such violence from the men they personally know. The women and girls are often abused within the family and with their intimate partners and because of this scenario, there are social organizations that try t o defend and protect the abused (see World Health Organization. â€Å"Violence against Women†. June 2000). However, do social institutions sometimes ignored sexually-abused women? Why is there still violence such as this when we have social institutions that look after such violations? On the other hand, the World Health Organization has released a public health approach to stop violence on women. The study figured out some solutions in order to prevent violent acts on women. The illustration below shows how the Public Health Approach being conducted.Gathering of the data correctly will help this program identify the real issue. If the problem has been identified, the susceptibility of the groups will be recognized. Then, this approach will make interventions and are implemented to protect the victims. This article not only showed the preventions but also presented what might happen to the sexually abused women such as transmitting of STDs that include AIDS and unplanned preg nancies.On the other hand, the Australian Bureau of Statistics reported that there were approximately 36 percent of women who experienced physical abuse and about 19 percent of women who undergone sexual abuse (see Phillips, Janet and Park, Malcolm. Measuring domestic violence and sexual assault: a review of the literature and statistics†. December 12, 2006). In a census made by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2005, it promulgated that in the past 12 months, there were approximately 363 000 women or 4.7 percent of women had become victims for physical violence and 126 100 women or 1.6 percent had become sexually abused. Furthermore, the Australian Bureau of Statistics assessed that about 2.56 million or 33 percent of women have become victims of physical abuse as early as 15 years old and 1.47 million or 19 percent have suffered from sexual abuses as early as 15 years old (see Phillips, Janet and Park, Malcolm. Measuring domestic violence and sexual assault: a review of the literature and statistics†. December 12, 2006).This would identify that abuses on females can be done in any age.In United States, there were about 132,000 victims particularly women have reported every year that they are victims of rape and most of them know their abusers. It was also assessed that two to six times of these victims are being sexually abused but failed to report the heinous incident. The report also added that about 1.2 million women are being sexually abused by their present or past partners (see National Organization for Women. â€Å"Violence against Women in the United States†).IV. ConclusionSexual violence against women has been an issue for a long time. I have realized that women can be sexually abused by their trusted individuals. Every year, the victims of sexual violations have grown in number in different parts of the world. However, women should be cautious enough to whom should they give their full trust because there is a great possibil ity that the person whom they trust most, are the people who will abuse them.

COMMUNICATION PLAN for Nestle Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

COMMUNICATION PLAN for Nestle Company - Essay Example For perishable products such as milk and vegetables, Nestlà © has direct procurement process with specific requirement so that the excess is not wasted. Nestlà © invest sufficiently in sustainable agriculture in collaboration with its direct suppliers so that high quality food products are delivered. Multinationals such as Nestlà © focus on long term partnership with suppliers so that resources are available at a reasonable cost and whenever required. These long term contracts minimizes various risks on the part of the company as well as for the suppliers. For instance, such kind of supply chain system acts as a hedge against fluctuations in the agricultural market (Handfield& Nichols, 1999; Nestlà ©, 2009; 2014b). Nestle company has been going through some publicity issues in the past. There were a lot of cases where children died as a result of taking products from the nestle company. This led to massive protests by the people against their products. Nestle was accused of aggressively marketing their breast milk substitutes and dressing their sales ladies as nurses. The deaths reported were as a result of the increasing deaths of infants. For the infant formula milk, the powder has to mixed with water which in most poor countries is usually contaminated and unhygienic and therefore leading to the death of the children. Another issue was that even when the parents knew the hygienic standards that they had to have, they do not have the means to sterilise the equipment that they used and therefore having no choice but to use the contaminated water. The women in the poor countries sometimes could not afford the formula and thus would end up using less than the required amount of formula and mix it with more water so that a can would last for longer. This means that the infants got less nutrients than they required. Basically, children who are fed on breast milk are more protected than children who are fed on formula and thus have better health compared to the

References Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

References - Annotated Bibliography Example The site also delves into the importance and essence of an active sex life on one’s health while also offering plenty of advice healthy feeding habits (during an exercise regime and to check the risks of nutrition related ailments) for various age groups. The site gives a brief insight into what tuberculosis is, what causes tuberculosis and other risk factors, its symptoms and complications. Advice for patients on numerous topics concerning tuberculosis is offered here including preparation for medical appointments and tests and diagnostic procedures expected while in the hospital. Effective treatment regimes and drugs for tuberculosis are also discussed there-in alongside prevention of spread of the disease or contracting of the same through vaccinations (using BCG) and other measures. A coping and support section is also available with numerous recovery stories and other experiences. Other issues such as drug resistance from poor dosage, transmission, drug susceptibility testing, genotyping, identification, model performance evaluation program (MPEP), epidemiological studies and so on are additionally discussed. The site is also available in Spanish. HIV/ AIDS is discussed and its cause stated. Means of transmission of the virus and the symptoms associated with infection are equally discussed. Places where individuals can get tests and know their statuses are given. The site talks about treatment and management of HIV if one tests positive and what one ought to do if they test either positive or negative in order to continue living meaningful, enjoyable and productive lifestyles. Management of HIV cases during pregnancy and co-infection with tuberculosis are also looked into closely and such patients advised on how to seek help or go about the issue. Finally, prevention measures are discussed and in addition, ways and benefits of preventing spread of infection to others for the infected are laid out. Among other things, the site offers valuable

IKEA International Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

IKEA International Marketing - Case Study Example Those that can are part of an elite group that set a precedent for other retailers to follow. IKEA is one of those leaders. In less than forty years, IKEA has become a globally successful, multibilliondollar business, with stores on six continents and a very large customer following. Competitors constantly strive to imitate IKEA, but this company's secret to success is not easily duplicated. In Sweden in the 1940s, Ingvar Kamprad ran a small delivery business from his home using the local milk van. Needing a name for his business, he combined the initials of his name along with those of his family farm, "Elmtaryd," and the name of his village "Agunnaryd," to form IKEA (Appelbaum 1990). When the delivery service failed, Kamprad transferred his knowledge to mail order and soon discovered an untapped niche: furniture. By 1953 the first warehouse showroom of cataloged goods was opened. Soon to follow were stores in Norway and Denmark. Today Kamprad can boast of ninety-six stores in twenty-four countries, including the United States, France, Poland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Australia, Hong Kong, Hungary, and Saudi Arabia. The Swedish company is now the largest furniture retailer in the world. In total, these stores cover 14 million square feet and in 1990 had global sales exceeding $3.4 billion and served close to 90 million customers (Chandler 1990). What was Kamprad's form ula for success "IKEA shall offer a wide range of home furnishing items of good design and function, at prices so low that the majority of people can afford to buy them" (IKEA Home Page 2008). A simple formula it is, but one that has resulted in huge success ("IKEA in 2005", 2005). Current Business Structure Around the globe, IKEA stores are similarly designed in a Swedish style-blue and gold (Sweden's national colors), with the flag of Sweden waving proudly at the front. The stores are huge (100,000-250,000 ft), warehouses led with wide aisles for easy navigation. Products consist of assemble-it yourself furniture such as tables, bookcases, and shelves, and also china, plants, linens, wallpaper, flooring, carpets, beds, lighting, and cabinets, all at rock-bottom prices (IKEA Home Page 2008; Trachtenberg 1991). All stores are attractively merchandised with up to one hundred settings of fully decorated rooms. Store traffic patterns are designed so that the customer passes through all departments to pick up the knock-down merchandise and proceed to the checkout counter. Very little space is wasted ("IKEA in 2005", 2005). MARKETING STRATEGIES IKEA was founded as a mail order

Binding of QNB and Atropine to Muscarinic Acetylcholine

Binding of QNB and Atropine to Muscarinic Acetylcholine Cholinergic relates to the responses in various systems to the neuro-transmitter molecule Acetycholine (ACh). They are the protein that are permanently attached to the biological membrane or the integral membrane protein (IMP). If the set of response is seen where Ach is a normal transmitter it is seen that they are grouped based on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) that respond to nicotine, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) that bind muscarine. These Nicotine and muscarine are extrinsic molecules that get the same response but with different sensitivity. Drugs that bind to muscarinic receptors are classified based on Agonists (which activate the neuronal receptor and produce a response) Antagonists (which do not activate the receptor and block the agonist binding site) Antagonists are now used to study the drug-receptor binding as they bind with a higher affinity (i.e lower dissociation constant kd) when compared with agonists Pharmacology studies have shown that antagonists have higher affinity but no efficacy to their cognate receptors. They intervene their effect by going and binding to the active site or to allosteric sites on the receptor. They can also go and bind to unique binding sites that do not participate in biological regulation of any receptor activity. The activity that antagonist causes may be reversible or irreversible, depending on the long life of the antagonist-receptor complex. Studies have shown that 3-Quinuclinidyl benzilate (QNB) is a potent muscarinic antagonist in CNS (central nervous system) and peripheral tissues. QNB shows specific binding to the receptor of interest it binds. It can also bind to other sites of the membrane and these can cause changes. We can measure specific binding by filtering radioactive 3H-QNB and then measuring the amount of QNB. To measure non-specific binding, Atropine is used to displace QNB from the specific sites, while the non-specifically bound QNB remains and can be quantified by measuring radioactivity. (Source: Yamamura et al. May 1974) Overview of the experiment QNB is carried out in a radioactive binding assay where the concentration of QNB that is specific bound without atropine and QNB that is non-specifically bound with atropine is measured over successive interval of time. It is allowed to incubate so as for binding site to reach saturation is allowed where the equilibrium is reached. After this any further increase incubation time does not cause the amount of QNB bound to change. This QNB bound to the membrane is measured. By calculating the incubation time, IC50 of atropine is measured by measuring the atropine at which 50% of bound QNB is displaced. Amount of free QNB when 50% of bound QNB is displaced is used to measure the dissociation constant (Kd). Materials and Methods Determination of QNB specific and non-specific binding Two bulk assays was carried out To measure QNB binding (in the presence of water) To measure non specific binding (with the presence of atropine) There were two conical flask taken A and B. Tube A was added with 30 ml of 1.3 nM 3H-QNB and 6ml water. And to the flask B flask B, 30 ml 3H-QNB and 6ml atropine was added. S filter tower is then set with 6 GF/C filters and 4.0 ml of rat membrane was added to each flask and the flask were swirled to mix well. 2ml aliquots from A flask (A1, A2, A3) and (B1, B2, B3) from the B flask were produced and were run through fresh GF/C filters. Each of the filters was then washed to remove mini-vials, and then 5 ml scintillant was added and was left for at least an hour. After a hour the radioactivity was counted in the scintilliant counter. This protocol was repeated for a couple of more time to produce triplicates at the time interval of 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min. Determination of IC50 for atropine Five glass test tubes having 1200 ÃŽÂ ¼l of distilled water in each was taken. To the test tube 1, 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l of 10 10 ÃŽÂ ¼M atropine was added and was mixed well. 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l of the solution was added to tube 2 and mixed well. The same method is carried out for a series of dilutions to be done in tube 3 to 5. Atropine concentration in each tube is calculated. Seven triplicate tubes (A1, A2, A3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦G1, G2, G3) are made each containing 1500 ÃŽÂ ¼l of 1.3nM QNB assay and the tubes are mixed well. 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l of 10 ÃŽÂ ¼M atropine was added to the three tubes of A and three B tubes were added with 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l of solution from tube 1. The dilution process was carried out for tubes C, D, E, F from tube 2, tube 3, tube 4 and tube 5 respectively. To tubes G, 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l of distilled water was added instead. 200 ÃŽÂ ¼l membrane was then added quickly to all the tubes. The 21 tubes were then left for incubation for 45 min and the radioactivity was then measured. Determination of concentration of protein using Lowry Assay Test tubes were prepared that contained 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ÃŽÂ ¼g BSA (Bovine serum albumin) made up to 1 ml with water. A 6th tube was taken that had 50 ÃŽÂ ¼l of membrane that was made up to 1ml with water. 1.5ml of reagent 1 that contains 0.5 ml copper tartrate + 50ml alkaline carbonate was added and mixed well and let to stand for 10 min at room temperature. Then 0.3 ml of reagent 2 that contains Commercial Folin-Ciocalteau reagent was added to the tubes and mixed well. The tubes were then left for incubation for 30 min. Absorbance or optical density was read at 660nm. Determination of kd for QNB Eight test tube was taken, four containing low QNB concentration (1.3nM QNB mix) and four tubes containing high QNB concentration (6.5nM QNB mix). Tubes 1 to 4 were added with 7.50 ml, 2.50 ml, 5 ml and 3.2 ml of 6.5 nM QNB mix respectively. Lower concentration of QNB is made by diluting the standard QNB assay mix with NaKP solution. These tubes are labelled 1-8. The solution of tube 1-8, of about 1500 ÃŽÂ ¼l each was added to the triplicate tubes (A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, H3) respectively. Solution of tube 1 is added to tubes A, Tube 2 to B tubes till tube 8 to tubes H. 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l water + 200 ÃŽÂ ¼l membrane was then added to all tubes. For tubes A4-H4, 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l Atropine plus (Tube 1-8) respectively plus 200 ÃŽÂ ¼l membranes was added. Radioactivity was measured in all tube. A lowry assay was also carried out. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Here in the graph the values are plotted for QNB bound with atropine (with as show in the graph), QNB bound without atropine (Without as shown in the graph) and Corrected vales are obtained by subtracting QNB bound with atropine from the QNB bound without atropine (corrected as shown in the graph ) against time. Here QNB bound without atropine is total amount of QNB bound to the receptor; QNB bound with atropine is the Non-specific binding of QNB to the receptor and corrected is the specific binding of QNB to the receptor. After a particular time of incubation receptors reach equilibrium, where no more binding of QNB takes place to the binding sites. At this point when no more binding of QNB takes place the plateau is formed in the graph showing saturation. This incubation time is approximately 45 min as shown by the graph reaching the plateau. The graph shows us that with and corrected points of the graph forms a plateau after reaching incubation time of approximately 45 min. If an addition incubation time was taken after 60 min we would have got a plateau for without graph also showing us a plateau. The graph shows that the cmp value increase over time after which when reaching a particular time no more binding occurs thus forming a plateau showing the saturation or equilibrium has reached. Small decline in the graph can be seen at time 30 to 45 min, this could have been due to experimental errors. The errors could have been caused during pipetting, in proper vacuum, formation of bubbles, adding samples properly between time intervals etc. This can be avoided by more careful handling of the instrument and doing a initial check up for errors so as to not cause changes in the experiments result. Taking the above data into consideration we have chosen 45 min as incubation time for determining IC50 of atropine. This is because, saturation of binding sites is achieved and no further unbinding of QNB also occurs, as the off-rate or reaction constant of QNB unbinding is very low. So there is no further change in the amount of bound QNB and hence this incubation time is considered appropriate. By serial dilution different concentration of atropine was prepared. The graph shows us that the amount to QNB bound to the receptor of the membrane reduces with increase in concentration. This happens because atropine is a competitive binder and binds competitively with specific sites to the receptor. The amount of QNB specifically bound will be inversely proportional with atropine concentration. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)  is a measure of how effective a compound is in inhibiting biological or biochemical function. This is a quantitative measure that let us know how much concentration of the drug or biological substance (inhibitor) is required to inhibit a given biological process by half. So we are calculating the IC50 of atropine to determine its potency. It is calculated by taking atropine concentration at which 50% QNB is displaced. The IC 50 value was found to be 0.0008912 ÃŽÂ ¼M. This shows that atropine is a drug with good potency. Ic 50 does not directly discuss the binding constant so we cannot compare the binding affinity of QNB and receptor. Lowarys assay Lowrys assay was carried out for determining the concentration of membrane protein. First different concentration of BSA was used and we generated a graph for it, taking concentration and OD. The membrane protein was then checked for absorbance and was found to be 0.322. Using the linear regression equation and the absorbance, concentration of the membrane protein was found to be 0.803 mg/ml. This test was done for another membrane protein sample. The absorbance of the membrane was 0.27. Again using the regression equation and the absorbance, concentration of the membrane protein was found to be 0.293529412 mg/ml. Determination of Kd: Kd is -1/m and was the equation was used is y = -8499.6x 1.3669. the kd is used to define the affinity between the drug and the protein . the value of Bmax was 0.001161 nm.

The Fire Ant :: essays research papers

The Fire Ant (general overview and personal perspectives)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The â€Å"Fire Ant† is one of the most feared migratory arthropods in North America. The first non-native species was introduced into the Port of Mobile, Alabama, starting in 1919, through soil ballast, from South American ships, being dumped ashore. The black fire ant (Solenopsis richteri Forel) arrived sometime in 1919, and the red fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) sometime in the late 1930’s; both much more aggressive and harsh than their two sister species of fire ants, the Tropical fire ant (Solenopsis xyloni McCook) and the Southern fire ant (Solenopsis geminata Fabricius), which are considered native to North America. The presence of imported fire ants within United States boarders was first reported in 1929.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Currently, the IFA (imported fire ant) is found in eleven states (over 300 million acres) , with sporadic, isolated showings as far west as California and as far north as Kansas and Maryland. The surge in fire ant migration came right after world war two, with the housing boom. The migration of fire ants was mostly associated with the mass movement of grass sod and decorative plants for landscaping purposes. However, â€Å"In 1958, the Federal Fire Ant Quarantine was implemented [to] try to limit the spread of fire ants from the quarantined areas. Hay, sod, plants and used soil moving equipment must me inspected and/or treated before being moved out of the quarantine area.† The IFA migration methods include â€Å"†¦seasonal relocations, migration in nursery stock, natural flights, and after floods rafting on water. Ants can be blown by the wind 12 miles during mating flights. They can â€Å"hitchhike† on birds [or other animals] or mass togethe r to form a floating ball to ride out a flood.† It is estimated that a fire ant colony can expand 20-30 miles per year based on mating flights alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The IFA migration fear is due to damage to people, but also damage to crops and property. Currently, the IFA is known â€Å"†¦as damaging 57 different species of cultivated plants† including wheat, cotton, corn, sorghum seed, soybean, blueberry, peanut, sunflower, watermelon, cantaloupe, cucumber, pecan, eggplant, okra, strawberry, and potato in addition to property, fire ants have been associated with may outdoor electrical equipment, due to their strong attraction to electrical and magnetic fields and impulses. The effected items where fire ants have been known to nest and be found include: gasoline pumps, traffic lights, electrical and telephone transformers/boxes, air conditions (many, many cases) heat pumps, TV’s, computers, walls and plumbing insulation, water meters, insulation of electrical wiring causing electrical disruptions, and beside and beneath roadways. The Fire Ant :: essays research papers The Fire Ant (general overview and personal perspectives)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The â€Å"Fire Ant† is one of the most feared migratory arthropods in North America. The first non-native species was introduced into the Port of Mobile, Alabama, starting in 1919, through soil ballast, from South American ships, being dumped ashore. The black fire ant (Solenopsis richteri Forel) arrived sometime in 1919, and the red fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) sometime in the late 1930’s; both much more aggressive and harsh than their two sister species of fire ants, the Tropical fire ant (Solenopsis xyloni McCook) and the Southern fire ant (Solenopsis geminata Fabricius), which are considered native to North America. The presence of imported fire ants within United States boarders was first reported in 1929.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Currently, the IFA (imported fire ant) is found in eleven states (over 300 million acres) , with sporadic, isolated showings as far west as California and as far north as Kansas and Maryland. The surge in fire ant migration came right after world war two, with the housing boom. The migration of fire ants was mostly associated with the mass movement of grass sod and decorative plants for landscaping purposes. However, â€Å"In 1958, the Federal Fire Ant Quarantine was implemented [to] try to limit the spread of fire ants from the quarantined areas. Hay, sod, plants and used soil moving equipment must me inspected and/or treated before being moved out of the quarantine area.† The IFA migration methods include â€Å"†¦seasonal relocations, migration in nursery stock, natural flights, and after floods rafting on water. Ants can be blown by the wind 12 miles during mating flights. They can â€Å"hitchhike† on birds [or other animals] or mass togethe r to form a floating ball to ride out a flood.† It is estimated that a fire ant colony can expand 20-30 miles per year based on mating flights alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The IFA migration fear is due to damage to people, but also damage to crops and property. Currently, the IFA is known â€Å"†¦as damaging 57 different species of cultivated plants† including wheat, cotton, corn, sorghum seed, soybean, blueberry, peanut, sunflower, watermelon, cantaloupe, cucumber, pecan, eggplant, okra, strawberry, and potato in addition to property, fire ants have been associated with may outdoor electrical equipment, due to their strong attraction to electrical and magnetic fields and impulses. The effected items where fire ants have been known to nest and be found include: gasoline pumps, traffic lights, electrical and telephone transformers/boxes, air conditions (many, many cases) heat pumps, TV’s, computers, walls and plumbing insulation, water meters, insulation of electrical wiring causing electrical disruptions, and beside and beneath roadways.

Violence, Gender and Elder Abuse

Women and Violence Professor Guelakis November 1, 2010 Violence, Gender, and Elder Abuse Elderly abuse has not been researched enough. There has been recent expansion on the research of abuse of the elderly. However, it is still lacking adequate theory because there has not been enough research done, data collected on why it happens, or the characteristics of the abuser and victim. Women are predominantly the victims of elder abuse and men the abusers. However, there has not been a firm definition of what elderly abuse is. Some experts suggest that elder abuse should be included in the definition of domestic abuse.Experts have found in their studies that women are the majority of the physically abused where men were the larger average of elderly individuals who were neglected. However, many experts also state that focusing on the definition of elder abuse is counterproductive in focusing on the issue that women are the majority of abused victims. Feminist theorists have failed to pro duce enough data here, although they have the expertise to contribute to this research. One of the main problems with elder abuse is the failure to acknowledge it as a form of real abuse.The ‘caregiver’ is already excused by be given this label as the ‘carer’. There is also the focus on the elder individual as the catalyst to the abuse, by pushing the carer to his or her limits. The elder individual is seen as overly dependent and adding stressors to the caregiver. ‘Granny-battering’, as elderly abuse was once called, has turned into a closer look at the perpetrator and his characteristics instead of the victims. Experts say that more attention should be placed on the predisposing factors, such as drugs, alcohol, and dependency.Spouse and child abuse research has been found to have similar pathological characteristics to elder abuse. Social norms support elder abuse against women in that women are dependent on caregivers financially, practicall y, and emotionally. There is little information, however, on the strategies, tactics, or coping skills because the victims have not been heard. Unfortunately, the lack of research, along with the â€Å"denial and inability† to recognize elder abuse has made it difficult to gain knowledge and accomplishment with this very valid form of abuse.

how to Order Mandarin Chinese in a Restaurant

how to Order Mandarin Chinese in a Restaurant When you are visiting China or Taiwan, you will have lots of opportunities to sample the local cuisine. Since food is a national passion, there are restaurants and food stalls almost everywhere. There are many different types of food available, from the various regional dishes of China to Korean, Japanese, and Western. Fast food outlets are in all major cities, and there are also upscale restaurants specializing in Western food - Italian seems to be the most popular. Restaurant Customs When you enter a restaurant, you will be asked how many people are in your party and will be shown to a table. If an English menu is not available, and you dont read Chinese, you will have to ask for help, either from the waiter or a Chinese friend. Most restaurants are open only during meal times - 11:30 to 1:00 for lunch and 5:30 to 7:00 for dinner. Snacks are available almost any time at coffee houses, tea shops, and street vendors. Meals are eaten relatively quickly, and it is customary to leave the restaurant as soon as everyone is finished. Usually, one person will pay for the whole group, so be sure to take your turn in paying for the meal. Tipping is not common in either Taiwan or China, and you usually pay for the meal at the cash register. Here are some phrases to help you order food in a restaurant. English Pinyin Traditional Characters Simplified Characters How many people are there? QÇ ngwà ¨n jÄ « wà ¨i? è «â€¹Ã¥â€¢ Ã¥ ¹ ¾Ã¤ ½ ? è ¯ ·Ã©â€" ®Ã¥â€¡  Ã¤ ½ ? There are ___ people (in our party). ___ wà ¨i. ___ ä ½ Ã¯ ½ ¡ ___ ä ½ Ã¯ ½ ¡ Smoking or non-smoking? ChÃ… uyÄ n ma? æŠ ½Ã§â€¦â„¢Ã¥â€"Ž? æŠ ½Ã§Æ'Ÿå â€"? Are you ready to order? KÄ›yÇ  diÇŽn ci le ma? Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã© »Å¾Ã¨ Å"ä ºâ€ Ã¥â€"Ž? Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã§â€š ¹Ã¨ Å"ä ºâ€ Ã¥ â€"? Yes, we are ready to order. WÇ’men yo diÇŽn ci. 我們è ¦ Ã© »Å¾Ã¨ Å"ï ½ ¡ 我ä » ¬Ã¨ ¦ Ã§â€š ¹Ã¨ Å"ï ½ ¡ Not yet, please give us a few more minutes. Hi mà ©i. Zi dÄ›ng yÄ «xi. é‚„æ ²â€™. å† Ã§ ­â€°Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ¸â€¹Ã¯ ½ ¡ è ¿ËœÃ¦ ² ¡. å† Ã§ ­â€°Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ¸â€¹Ã¯ ½ ¡ I would like .... WÇ’ yo ... . 我è ¦ ... 我è ¦ ... . I will have this. WÇ’ yo zhà ¨gà ¨. 我è ¦ Ã©â‚¬â„¢Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¯ ½ ¡ 我è ¦ Ã¨ ¿â„¢Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¯ ½ ¡ That is for me. Shà ¬ wÇ’de. æ˜ ¯Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¯ ½ ¡ æ˜ ¯Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¯ ½ ¡ This is not what I ordered. Zhà ¨ bà ºshà ¬ wÇ’ diÇŽn de. 這ä ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã© »Å¾Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¯ ½ ¡ è ¿â„¢Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã§â€š ¹Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¯ ½ ¡ Please bring us some.... QÇ ng zi gÄ›i wÇ’men ... . è «â€¹Ã¥â€  Ã§ µ ¦Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥â‚¬â€˜...ï ½ ¡ è ¯ ·Ã¥â€  Ã§ »â„¢Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ » ¬...ï ½ ¡ Could I have the bill? QÇ ng gÄ›i wÇ’ zhngdÄ n. è «â€¹Ã§ µ ¦Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ ¸ ³Ã¥â€" ®Ã¯ ½ ¡ è ¯ ·Ã§ »â„¢Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ ¸ Ã¥ â€¢Ã¯ ½ ¡ How much is it? DuÃ… shÇŽo qin? Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã¥ °â€˜Ã©Å' ¢? Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã¥ °â€˜Ã©â€™ ±? Can I pay by credit card? WÇ’ kÄ›yÇ  yà ²ng xà ¬nyà ²ngkÇŽ ma? 我å  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã§â€ ¨Ã¤ ¿ ¡Ã§â€ ¨Ã¥  ¡Ã¥â€"Ž? 我å  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã§â€ ¨Ã¤ ¿ ¡Ã§â€ ¨Ã¥  ¡Ã¥ â€"? The bill is not right. ZhngdÄ n bà ¹duà ¬. Ã¥ ¸ ³Ã¥â€" ®Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ° Ã¯ ½ ¡ Ã¥ ¸ Ã¥ â€¢Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¯ ½ ¡

An Introduction to Psychological Warfare

An Introduction to Psychological Warfare Psychological warfare is the planned tactical use of propaganda, threats, and other non-combat techniques during wars, threats of war, or periods of geopolitical unrest to mislead, intimidate, demoralize, or otherwise influence the thinking or behavior of an enemy. While all nations employ it, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) lists the tactical goals of psychological warfare (PSYWAR) or psychological operations (PSYOP) as: Assisting in overcoming an enemy’s will to fightSustaining the morale and winning the alliance of friendly groups in countries occupied by the enemyInfluencing the morale and attitudes of people in friendly and neutral countries toward the United States To achieve their objectives, the planners of psychological warfare campaigns first attempt to gain total knowledge of the beliefs, likes, dislikes, strengths, weaknesses, and vulnerabilities of the target population. According to the CIA, knowing what motivates the target is the key to a successful PSYOP.   A War of the Mind As a non-lethal effort to capture hearts and minds, psychological warfare typically employs  propaganda to influence the values, beliefs, emotions, reasoning, motives, or behavior of its targets. The targets of such propaganda campaigns can include governments, political organizations, advocacy groups, military personnel, and civilian individuals. Simply a form of  cleverly â€Å"weaponized† information, PSYOP propaganda may be disseminated in any or all of several ways: Face-to-face verbal communicationAudiovisual media, like television and moviesAudio-only media including shortwave radio broadcasts like those of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty or Radio HavanaPurely visual media, like leaflets, newspapers, books, magazines, or posters More important than how these weapons of propaganda are delivered is the message they carry and how well they influence or persuade the target audience.   Three Shades of Propaganda In his 1949 book, Psychological Warfare Against Nazi Germany, former OSS (now the CIA) operative Daniel Lerner details the U.S. militarys WWII Skyewar campaign. Lerner separates psychological warfare propaganda into three categories:   White propaganda: The information is truthful and only moderately biased. The source of the information is cited.Grey propaganda: The information is mostly truthful and contains no information that can be disproven. However, no sources are cited.Black propaganda: Literally â€Å"fake news,† the information is false or deceitful and is attributed to sources not responsible for its creation. While grey and black propaganda campaigns often have the most immediate impact, they also carry the greatest risk. Sooner or later, the target population identifies the information as being false, thus discrediting the source. As Lerner wrote, Credibility is a condition of persuasion. Before you can make a man do as you say, you must make him believe what you say.† PSYOP in Battle   On the actual battlefield, psychological warfare is used to obtain confessions, information, surrender, or defection by breaking the morale of enemy fighters.   Some typical tactics of battlefield PSYOP include:   Distribution of pamphlets or flyers encouraging the enemy to surrender and giving instructions on how to surrender safelyThe visual â€Å"shock and awe† of a massive attack employing vast numbers of troops or technologically advanced weaponsSleep deprivation through the continual projection of loud, annoying music or sounds toward enemy troopsThe threat – whether real or imaginary – of the use of chemical or biological weaponsRadio stations created to broadcast propagandaRandom use of snipers, booby traps, and improvised explosive devices (IEDs)â€Å"False flag† events – attacks or operations designed to convince the enemy that they were carried out by other nations or groups In all cases, the objective of battlefield psychological warfare is to destroy the morale of the enemy leading them to surrender or defect.   Early Psychological Warfare While it might sound like a modern invention, psychological warfare is as old as war itself. When soldiers the mighty Roman Legions rhythmically beat their swords against their shields they were employing a tactic of shock and awe designed to induce terror in their opponents.   In the 525 B.C. Battle of Peluseium, Persian forces held cats as hostages  in order to gain a psychological advantage over the Egyptians, who due to their religious beliefs, refused to harm cats.   To make the number of his troops seem larger than they actually were, 13th century A.D. leader of the Mongolian Empire Genghis Khan ordered each soldier to carry three lit torches at night. The Mighty Khan also designed arrows notched to whistle as they flew through the air, terrifying his enemies. And in perhaps the most extreme shock and awe tactic, Mongol armies would catapult severed human heads over the walls of enemy villages to frighten the residents. During the  American Revolution, British troops wore brightly colored uniforms in an attempt to intimidate the more plainly dressed troops of George Washington’s Continental Army. This, however, proved to be a fatal mistake as the bright red uniforms made easy targets for Washington’s even more demoralizing American snipers. Modern Psychological Warfare Modern psychological warfare tactics were first used  during World War I. Technological advances in electronic and print media made it easier for governments to distribute propaganda through mass-circulation newspapers. On the battlefield, advances in aviation made it possible to drop leaflets behind enemy lines and special non-lethal artillery rounds were designed to deliver propaganda. Postcards dropped over German trenches by British pilots bore notes supposedly handwritten by German prisoners extolling their humane treatment by their British captors. During  World War II, both Axis and Allied powers regularly used PSYOPS. Adolf Hitlers rise to power in Germany was driven largely by propaganda designed to discredit his political opponents. His furious speeches mustered national pride while convincing the people to blame others for Germany’s self-inflicted economic problems. Use of radio broadcast PSYOP reached a peak in World War II. Japans famous Tokyo Rose broadcast music with false information of Japanese military victories to discourage allied forces. Germany employed similar tactics through the radio broadcasts of Axis Sally.   However, in perhaps the most impactful PSYOP in WWII, American commanders orchestrating the leaking of false orders leading the German high command to believe the allied D-Day invasion would be launched on the beaches of Calais, rather than Normandy, France. The Cold War was all but ended when U.S. President Ronald Reagan publicly released detailed plans for a highly sophisticated â€Å"Star Wars† Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)anti-ballistic missile system capable of destroying Soviet nuclear missiles before they re-entered the atmosphere. Whether any of Reagan’s â€Å"Star Wars† systems could have really been built or not, Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev believed they could. Faced with the realization that the costs of countering U.S. advances in nuclear weapons systems could bankrupt his government, Gorbachev agreed to reopen dà ©tente-era negotiations resulting in lasting nuclear arms control treaties.   More recently, the United States responded to the September 11, 2001 terror attacks by launching the Iraq War with a massive â€Å"shock and awe† campaign intended to break the Iraqi army’s will to fight and to protect the country’s dictatorial leader Saddam Hussein. The U.S. invasion began on March 19, 2003, with two days of non-stop bombing of Iraq’s capital city of Baghdad. On April 5, U.S. and allied Coalition forces, facing only token opposition from Iraqi troops, took control of Baghdad. On April 14, less than a month after the shock and awe invasion began, the U.S. declared victory in the Iraq War.   In todays ongoing  War on Terror, the Jihadist terrorist organization ISIS – the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria- uses social media websites and other online sources to conduct psychological campaigns designed to recruit followers and fighters from around the world.

Give an example of such an ideology and explain why it is an ideology Essay

Give an example of such an ideology and explain why it is an ideology in the above sense. How does it distort our understanding of reality Who benefits from this distortion - Essay Example Sovereignty and heteronomy are in the text of honorable theorists. Additionally, cognitive theories, concentrating more on the assemble of moral judgment, accentuate the advance of autonomy. On the other hand, collective erudition theories and cultural psychology theories give emphasis to heteronomy centering on cultural broadcast. Furthermore, Piaget 1932 and 1965 postulated that expansion goal consists of stirring from heteronomy to autonomy; Kohlberg 1969 postulated alternation linking heteronomy and autonomy inside each stage. At this point, we take the outlook that both processes are concerned in the development of decent thinking, although they are synchronized, parallel, and mutual processes. They are used as the expression of moral thoughts to the popular judgments about correct, erroneous and the justification for such thinking. Moral philosophy is destined to be bigger than proper conclusion, in that, the moral judgment assembles refers more by a whisker to the cognitive edifice of basic epistemological categories; for instance, fair dealing, duty, justifiable establishment, and civil rights. In disparity, moral thinking, as we use the phrase, refers to personal views on such issues like abortion, rights of homosexual persons, creed in public schools, the womens roles, and others. Literary ideology i s a supplementary basic evolution in the configuration of moral judgment and refers to beliefs norms, and principles that subsist separately on a single individual and that are common in a cluster as an element of its mutual customs. Our point is that equally honorable conclusion and cultural principles have a say considerably and exceptionally to moral thoughts. There are two progressions; parallel theory designed for moral thinking, a quantity of what the two-process, corresponding theory by Kintsch, 1978 for book intellectual capacity that is, the construction moral thinking involves two processes taking place

Liberalism and its critics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Liberalism and its critics - Essay Example Having discussed that liberalism puts forward the interests of fighters; critics claim that liberalism is also an ideological system of struggle that stands for things like unprincipled peace. As a result, critics maintain that liberalism brings about something called political degeneration in different individuals and units within a party and within revolution organizations. Additionally, Mao puts across that liberalism gives rise to or creates decadent. In terms of manifestation, liberalism manifests itself in a number of ways. For instance, liberalism lets things flow freely or slide in the name of friendship and peace despite the fact that a person has made a mistake (66). This happens mainly because this person might be an old subordinate, a fellow townsman, a loved one, or a close friend. Based on this revelation, Fredonians should pursue liberalism with caution as it might end up dividing the society into halves. Moreover, it is worthwhile for the people of Fredonia to refrain from liberalism as they have very little knowledge about it thus making it unwise to take up the weapon of liberalism against the foreigners and aristocrats. Citations maintain that the so-called â€Å"Patriots† have limited knowledge concerning liberalism. This shows that they do not have insights into this kind of action, which makes them unaware of damages that might befall them in case they happen to opt for liberalism. As depicted by Mao, liberalism involves indulgence into irresponsible criticism that takes place privately as opposed to voicing out suggestions and ideas as well as cause for action to the organization (79). Truthfully, advising Fredonians to refrain from liberalism is a pragmatic way of avoiding further oppression as it shows no regard for principles of collective living but follows individual inclination. Revolution History explains that, since Middle Ages, there has been an existence of so cietal struggles. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels assert that, presence of the oppressor and the oppressed, patrician and the plebian, free people and the slave as well as the master of guild and the journey was and still is the causal factor behind revolutionaries (85). These authors point out clearly that, revolution could act as a weapon against certain inhumane actions but in most cases, its results are unimaginable. Generally, revolution either comes along with re-construction of the involved society in bits or at large or results to rampant ruin of almost every contending class. Fact findings establish that history based on epochs of revolution bring out undesirable end product as all societies involved suffered a manifold of gradation in terms of social ranks (91). For example, in ancient Rome, revolution resulted to slaves, knights, patricians, and plebeians. In order for â€Å"The Patriots† to kick out foreigners and aristocrats, it is advisable for them to revolution ize their nation despite criticism. This is because for them to attain reforms there must

What is Art The Art of Jackson Pollock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

What is Art The Art of Jackson Pollock - Essay Example This statement can be limited to just the expression of an emotion about something of interest to the author, or it can be the expression of a specific social topic that someone feels is important. A good example of art is the cave paintings that primitive man made (Getlein 5). The reason this is art to me is because someone is capturing the event of hunting as they saw it. They are recording something about their everyday life and it is on the cave for anyone to see. These paintings have been seen by many different people over many years. In one sense, this art has lasted through time. Stonehenge (Getlein 6) is also a fascinating aspect of art because it is similar to architecture . It is much like the Pyramids because people are wondering how these were built and why. Stonehenge makes people think and wonder about who put these stones together and why. This is another essential part of art in my opinion: It must make people think and wonder why the artist created this piece. I thin k that art must make people feel something, even if it is something small. In the example of the cave paintings, I wonder why these hunters thought it was important to make the drawings. Were they bragging about the hunt that day? Were they counting their hunts? Only they would know. Stonehenge makes me wonder about why these stones were dragged to this particular spot and arranged in the way they are arranged. It is interesting to me that the book said that this was a graveyard and that it marked about 240 graves (Getlein 6); this is much like our cemeteries today. Many people go to our graveyards and do etchings of the older gravestones because they consider it art. When I pick art myself, I look for symmetry and the way it feels to me. Some pieces of art speak to me differently than others. As an example, I may pick a piece of art for my wall that has vibrant colors that are symmetrically placed in a abstract form. I also have picked pieces because they look interesting or becaus e the scene describes something that is interesting to me. I cannot say that I like the kind of art that the Masters created. I am not sure why, but I think it is because it is usually of some scene, people or subjects that I find uninteresting. I can say that I like some of Picasso’s work because it was very strange and it does make a person wonder why he did what he did. Was the fractured way that he looked at this the way that he saw the world? I do believe that anything can be art. The unfortunate issue is that there are art critics who decide what art is and what art is not. I think that everyone becomes an art critic when they look at a piece of art and they do not need others to define what art is for them. In other words, there are so many different ways that art can be interpreted, that it seems a shame that art critics are allowed to define art. I enjoy looking at art and I hope that this class will bring me more knowledge about what I am looking at on a deeper leve l than I have seen in the past. Essay 2: Discuss Two-Dimensional Media. Give example of artist, media and a piece that appeals to you. The book describes two-dimensional art as something very simple and easy to read. The media can be anything from drawing with pencil and ink on paper to creating images on clay or the cave wall. The book mentions many media that include graphite, metalpoint, charcoal, pastels and more. I have seen many artists pencil drawing (graphite) which creates an interesting effect when the artist uses shading and contrast in their drawing. I think metalpoint provides a beautiful array of interesting and eye-catching symmetrical shapes. I can understand why most people do not use this method

Evaluating the non-survival of best technologies in the long-term Essay Example for Free

Evaluating the non-survival of best technologies in the long-term Essay Abstract The essay under consideration analyzes the factual statement that best technologies do not survive in the long term. The statement has been considered under real life incidences, scenarios, and personal experiences, by virtue of which, several conclusions have been obtained and justified through relevant logic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Technology, for the purpose of this paper, has been restricted to the IT only; however, there are other implications and applications. There are several reasons for failure in long term survival of even the best technologies. Some of them are found to be of the highest probability of occurrence, others seem rather less risky.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, analyzing these is extremely important because technology research and development, and implementation require major cash outflows that need to be controlled and planned well in order to avoid struggle for survival. It is also worth mentioning that in majority of the circumstances, latest technologies are implemented without prior research of their impact. Avoidance to this can also make things much easier. Introduction As the facts state, and are known to all, that not more than 10% infact even lesser projects are successful across the IT industry due to several reasons [1]. Similarly, technologies that are really tremendous also do not survive in the long run. Technology may have several definitions, however, the easiest to comprehend definition is: Technology can be defined as the applied part of research and development. Elaborating on the above-mentioned definition, any organization may conduct RD activities but just the part of it that is applied is converted into technology [2]. Technology is generally associated to IT and pertinent topics only; however, technology applies to enhancements and advancements of any entity. Despite this, the scope of this paper restricts the view of technology to IT hardware and software, and pertinent entities/issues only. There are several issues and causes that pertain to the long term success of a technology. Relevance Study of this non-survival is not just important, but is critical to know and analyze. The prime reasons being that it is only its study and exploration that possibly may lead to non-repetition of such issues in the future [7]. However, the past shows history otherwise i.e. repetition of these issues has been witnessed in several failure cases. Also a point where this study gains extreme criticality is the fact that research and development costs and involves huge some of money that needs to be compensated (pay-back) once the technology is commercialized. If it, however, fails to deliver and sustain, survive in the long term, all efforts of RD simply go to waste [3]. Analysis of Issues For deeper analyses, it is most important to define the exact meaning of the topic. Survival in the long run implies that as a technology grows in its PLC (Product Life Cycle), it should have added customer base. When it is being said that best technologies do not survive in the long run, this statement implies that even the best of technologies are unable to sustain their competency in the long run, thus losing out the customer base. Or in other words, the possibility and cases that lead to a decline, referring to the query that why are technologies not able to survive for a longer term of life [16], [4]. Therefore, hypothetically, if the technology losses its clients due to some issues pertinent to the technology itself, the technology may be pronounced as a failure or non-survivor during the long term [17]. For further analyses of the issues that lead to the non-survival of some great technologies, the initial step should be their identification and then exploration. Following are the major issues pertinent to this: Extra-ordinary Expectations It can also be called as the inability of technologies to deliver what is actually expected from them. This can be a dual-sided problem. On one side, it is possible that during the phase of research and development, many technologies are elaborated and exposed to media and other stakeholders as the ultimate benchmarks beyond which no further development may take place. In such a scenario, technologies are bound to perform much below the ‘speculation-built’ expectation of the target audience. The other side is the fact that the technology may be elaborated upon parity to what it actually is, however, it may truly be below par. Thus gradually, those who adapted that technology, move towards a substitute or the previously run satisfying technology, as the case may be, in the long run; this is a trend that leads to the new technology not surviving in the long run [5]. Timing of Updates Updates are another wide issue why technologies may fail. Updates can be identified as patches or additional utilities that enhance the working of a technology. As the world is highly dynamic, technology keeps advancing, thus requiring timely updating of technology. In this regard, there are two prime concerns why a technology may fail [8]: Mistimed Updates The updates may not be timed as appropriately as required. For example, a software vendor may provide an anti-virus update of their software 6 months after that virus has started its destruction. Such updates are mistimed updates that do not satisfy the customers and may cause a technology failure. Irregular Updates A similar concept is of irregular updates. For example, a software vendor may actually provide updates with the first one in first month and then on randomly after any variable interval of time. This again is a hassle for the customer to actually update the technology as per a random walk. The issue might be as critical as it may not sound, and may actually cause the customers to walk away from such technologies causing them to fail. The implementation of a modern technology, which is definite to be costly, leads to the customer expectation of after sales services including regular updates and renewal versions are the primary expectation that a customer may hold. Failure to deliver these may cause the customers to shift to alternatives, causing a decline in the usability of technology. This decline denies the chances of survival in the long term. Costly Maintenance The technology may effectively be the best and most advance; however, its maintenance cost may be on the similar height due to lesser expertise in the advance technology, costly equipments, etc. The lesser expertise may increase the dependency on a single vendor, pushing him into premium charging from the customers, and as a result, customers might want to shift to an alternative or to the previously held technology, that again leads to survival issues for new technologies in the long run [11]. Compatibility Issues In the long run, organizations need to interact with their value/supply chain and thus requiring compatibility among the systems of the two organizations i.e. the technology each has implemented respectively. Failing to endure compatibility may lead to an eventual failure of the technology; primarily because organizations are most definite not to prefer technology that is incompatible with others, unless the organization stands tall in a commanding position in the value chain. Further Advancements in Technology Also referred to as Constructive-Destruction by some authors, technology may fail due to rapid development in the similar field enhancing the scope of accomplishments through enhancements, while these enhancements may fall beyond the scope of the previous technology, causing customers to shift to the latest technology for added services obtainable from the same. Thus, technological advancements may actually lead to the existing technologies not surviving for long. This can also be rephrased as the obsolesce factor [9]. Consider the example of type-writers; these were considered a tremendous technology of their time. However, the advent of computer (keyboard and printer) actually ruined the existing technology of type writers. Another example can be the shift from Infrared to Bluetooth technology in terms of wireless mediums. Alignment of Business Strategy Vs. IT Strategy At times a tremendous technology may just not survive due to absence of in-built/default best practices that may align the IT strategy to the business strategy. Generally, the best practices are indulged, particularly in case of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) tools, whereby organizations while implementing these technologies, tend to perform BPR (Business Process Re-engineering). This in-turn has an effect on the whole of the business strategy and of course; BPR at that stage assures the appropriate alignment of the two strategies. Failure to align suitably may not be depicted at once; however gradual illustration of the same would encourage firms to shift their IT solutions and vendors, causing the decline of users and thus, creating a survival struggle. Lack of Vendor Support The best of the best technologies may not survive for even a shorter spam of time if the vendor support is lacking or missing. Many individuals and corporate clients may, for instance, find Linux a better operating system than many others even including Windows. However, lack of support leads to the survival struggle. There are firms working on providing its support but the current market share of it vs. windows says the whole story [10]. Lack of Monitoring Control on the Implementation Due to lack of monitoring and controlling the implementation of a technology, things may seem alright as implemented for a short spam of time. However, in the long run, as soon as problems start to appear, the think-tanks may blame the actual technology. Again, the reduction in usage rate assures a decline and a struggle for survival in the long run. Lack of Creativity Innovation Technological development is no short term or ‘once-done’ sort of a task. For staying in business, a technology related firm must assure constant creativity and innovation in the technology launched in the first go. Creativity, innovation, and basically something new; if these factors missing from the approach, mission, and vision of a technology provider organization, in that case it is certain that the organization itself may not survive in the long run, let alone the technology it is developing. Life Expectancy Expected useful life of technologies has decline tremendously over the past decade. With new technology developed almost all the time anywhere in the world, the product life cycle has reduced x-axis value. In such a scenario, even the best of the best technologies struggle to survive in the long run. This primarily pertains to the competition that has developed so drastically that no technological advancement actually remains advancement over a period of time. In such a scenario, firms should come up with new research and development that could actually be deployed in technology useful for an organization in developing its competency [6]. Technology Migration Strategies A technology should be adaptive in nature, and should be able to comprehend migration strategies across different technologies. Migration here may also imply the development of compatibility with other technology. This becomes more crucial when technological platform has to be changed or back ups need to be regenerated. A weak technology in this regard is most definite to create a non-survival scenario among existing technologies [12]. Conclusion Understanding the root causes of failure is the first step towards its elimination [18], [19]. Technology is useless without application. It can be viewed from the above argument that technology that has the above-mentioned loopholes, may not survive in the long run. A simplest and most routine example that can be considered is the WINDOWS vs. DOS operating systems. Most of the above mentioned problems, if not all, were presence in the DOS systems and absent from the WINDOWS platform, and the stories of survival and accomplishments are known to all [13]. To conclude, it can actually not be said with extreme confidence that best technologies do not survive in the long-run at all. In the long-run, there are further advancements that lead to the non-survival of previous technologies [14]. However, there are some technologies that are still existent in the world from the past and are expected remain so. One of the prime examples of the same is a wheel. Wheel probably is man’s finest creation, and possibly the advent of technology in human age [15]. Despite of prospering a lot today, wheel exists in this world today even in its basic form, let alone the advance version. But yes, mostly technologies do not survive in the long run because they are substituted through their or a substitute advance versions [20]. References James A. O’Brien (1999) Management Information Systems: Managing Information technology in the Internetworked Enterprise, 4th Edition Adas, Michael (1989). Machines as the Measure of Men: Science, Technology, and Ideologies of Western Dominance. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2303-1. Monsma, Stephen V., et al. (1986). Responsible Technology: A Christian Perspective. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0175-7. Noble, David F. (1984). Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-51262-6. Roussel, Philip A.; Kamal N. Saad, and Tamara J. Erickson (1991). Third Generation R D: Managing the Link to Corporate Strategy. 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